How to perform Basic Math functions in MATLAB commonly used functions Quick Guide

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1eh0jMvEfNHXL62Qo9hKUMu32tVrLuAyO8xJIfBkGQ_1m7FmjlwHSe3_ojS9XbC2w8pSjdjqt0CO71RfEHAjitWhdbiiJ6keb3Md9M-oXG8RSdvyZcLCo3BpImxiRWGWHPr2lIEuZewA/s1600/Copy+of+Drug+Awareness+Poster+Template.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="The basic math functions addition , subtraction , division , multiplication, matrix addition multiplication in MATLAB. How to take matrix transpose in matlab .how to take inverse of matrix in matlab." border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1eh0jMvEfNHXL62Qo9hKUMu32tVrLuAyO8xJIfBkGQ_1m7FmjlwHSe3_ojS9XbC2w8pSjdjqt0CO71RfEHAjitWhdbiiJ6keb3Md9M-oXG8RSdvyZcLCo3BpImxiRWGWHPr2lIEuZewA/s640/Copy+of+Drug+Awareness+Poster+Template.jpg" title="How to perform math functions in MATLAB" width="640" /></a></div><br /><br />In this Quick Tutorial we will see some of the example of basic math functions in MATLAB. Before that there is quick overview about MATLAB , its uses,benefits and What can be done with a MATLAB.<br />So let's start with a Quick guide of a MATLAB.<br />Here is the list of contents:<br /><br /><h3><span style="color: #cc0000;">Contents:</span></h3><ol><li> A Quick introduction to MATLAB</li><li> Commonly used mathematical Calculations</li><li>Uses of MATLAB</li><li>How to perform addition in MATLAB</li><li>How to perform Subtraction in MATLAB</li><li>How to perform Multiplication in MATLAB</li><li>How to perform division in MATLAB</li><li>How to perform square root in MATLAB</li><li>How to perform Matrix addition subtraction and multiplication,Transpose and inverse in MATLAB</li><li>Conclusion</li></ol><div><br /></div><h3><span style="color: #cc0000;">1-Introduction to MATLAB:</span></h3><h3></h3><div>MATLAB is developed by MathWorks.A high level Programming language software used for Numerical computation.Most of the computational math work, algorithms,Complex Engineering problems,Graphs and system design equations can be done with MATLAB.</div><div>It also has other great features of designing a control system using it's Simulink library.</div><h3><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br />2-Commonly Used Mathematical Calculations in MATLAB:</span></h3><div>The Commonly used mathematical calculations are:</div><div><ol><li>Numerical Computation</li><li>Calculus and deferential equations</li><li>Integration</li><li>Linear Algebra and algebraic Equations</li><li>Non-Linear functions</li><li>Matrices and arrays</li><li>Statistics </li><li>Data analysis</li><li>Transforms </li><li>Curve fitting</li><li>2-D and 3-D graph plotting</li></ol><h3><span style="color: #cc0000;">3-Uses of MATLAB:</span></h3></div><div>As a computational tool MATLAB is widely used in almost all Engineering fields. Other than Engineering MATLAB is also used in physics,Chemistry and maths.</div><div>The applications fields of MATLAB are:</div><div><ol><li>Control systems</li><li>Tests and measurements</li><li>Signal processing and communication</li><li>image and video Processing</li><li>Computational Finance and Biology</li></ol><h3><span style="color: #cc0000;"> 4-How to perform Addition in MATLAB:</span></h3></div><div>Performing most of the simple functions are quite similar with C and C++ language:</div><div>For example to add:</div><div>A= 2 , 3 ;</div><div>B = 3, 4 ;</div><div>C= A+B;</div><div>it's quite simple..!</div><div>For an array we write in matlab as:</div><div><br /></div><div>A= [ 1 2 ; 3 4];</div><div>B= [3 4  ; 5 6 ];</div><div><br /></div><div>C= A + B adds array A and B and stores the result in C</div><div><br /></div><div>The semicolon in the center shows that the row has changed.We write columns without any comma's and To move into the second row the semicolon is used.Semicolon at the end shows the functions is over as we did in the C language.</div><div><br /></div><div><h3><span style="color: #cc0000;"> 5-How to perform Subtraction in MATLAB:</span></h3></div><div>The Same procedure is used for subtraction:</div><div>A=[2 3; 4 5];</div><div>B= [5 6 ; 7 8 ];</div><div>C= A-B</div><div><br /></div><div><h3><span style="color: #cc0000;"> 6-How to perform Multiplication in MATLAB:</span></h3></div><div>The element wise multiplication in matlab uses the times command:</div><div><br /></div><div><b>times or .*</b></div><div><br /></div><div><div class="code_responsive" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; transition: none !important; width: 933.2px;"><code class="synopsis" style="border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; padding: 0px; transition: none !important; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">C = A.*B</span></code></div><div class="code_responsive" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; transition: none !important; width: 933.2px;"><code class="synopsis" style="border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; padding: 0px; transition: none !important; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">C = times(A,B)</span></code></div></div><div class="code_responsive" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; transition: none !important; width: 933.2px;"><code class="synopsis" style="border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; padding: 0px; transition: none !important; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></code></div><div class="code_responsive" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; transition: none !important; width: 933.2px;"><code class="synopsis" style="border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; padding: 0px; transition: none !important; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">C= A.*B multiplies Array A and B Elements by elements </span></code></div><div class="code_responsive" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; transition: none !important; width: 933.2px;"><br /></div><div class="code_responsive" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; transition: none !important; width: 933.2px;">A= [2 3 ; 4 5 ];</div><div class="code_responsive" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; transition: none !important; width: 933.2px;">B= 4 5 ; 6 7];</div><div class="code_responsive" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; transition: none !important; width: 933.2px;"><br /></div><div class="code_responsive" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; transition: none !important; width: 933.2px;">C=A.*B</div><div class="code_responsive" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; transition: none !important; width: 933.2px;"><br /></div><div class="code_responsive" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; transition: none !important; width: 933.2px;"><h3 style="color: black;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"> 7-How to perform Division in MATLAB:</span></h3><div style="color: #404040;">The simple division in matlab uses rdivide command:</div><div style="color: #404040;"><br /></div><div style="color: #404040;"><b>rdivide or ./</b></div><div style="color: #404040;"><br /></div><div style="color: #404040;">C= rdivide (a,b)</div><div style="color: #404040;">C= a./b</div><div style="color: #404040;"><br /></div><div style="color: #404040;">c=a./b performs division of each element of array a with each element of array b.</div><div style="color: #404040;"><br /></div><div style="color: #404040;"><h3 style="color: black;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"> 8-How to perform Square Root in MATLAB:</span></h3></div><div style="color: #404040;">Taking square Root is quite simple in matlab:</div><div style="color: #404040;">The square root uses the sqrt command:</div><div style="color: #404040;"><br /></div><div style="color: #404040;"><b>A=sqrt(X)</b></div><div style="color: #404040;"><br /></div><div style="color: #404040;">it takes the square root of the elements of array X and stores the result in A.</div><div style="color: #404040;"><br /></div><h3><span style="color: #cc0000;">9-How to perform Matrix addition subtraction and multiplication,Transpose and inverse in MATLAB</span></h3><div style="color: #404040;">Now comes to the Matrix Part.The matrix addition and subtraction inverse and transpose etc.</div><h4 style="color: #404040;">Matrix Addition and subtraction Multiplication and Division in MATLAB:</h4><div style="color: #404040;">There is no special command for addition and subtraction:</div><div style="color: #404040;">The division command uses<b> <span style="font-size: large;">/</span> </b>or <span style="font-size: large;"><b>\ </b></span> slash both have same results:</div><div style="color: #404040;"><br /></div><div style="color: #404040;">A=[ 1 2 ; 3 4 ; 5 6 ];</div><div style="color: #404040;">B= [3 4 ; 5 6 ; 8 9 ];</div><div style="color: #404040;">C= A+ B</div><div style="color: #404040;">D= A-B</div><div style="color: #404040;">E= A* B</div><div style="color: #404040;">F = A/B</div><div style="color: #404040;"><br /></div><div style="color: #404040;">The result will be shown in the matrix form.</div><div style="color: #404040;"><br /></div><h4 style="color: #404040;">Transpose of a matrix in MATLAB;</h4><div>Transpose opertaion switches rows and coloumn in a matrix.The command used for transpose in MATLB is a single (<b><span style="font-size: large;">'</span></b>)</div><div><br /></div><div>A= [2 3 4 ; 4 5 6 ; 7 8 6 ];</div><div>B= A'</div><div><br /></div><h4>Inverse of Matrix in MATLAB:</h4><div>Taking inverse is quite simple by typing <b>inv ()</b></div><div><br /></div><div>A= [2 3 4 ; 5 6 7 ; 6 7 8];</div><div>inv(A)</div><div><br /></div><div>or </div><div>B=inv (A)</div><div><br /></div><div>The result will be shown in vector B.</div><div><br /></div><h3><span style="color: #cc0000;">Conclusion:</span></h3><div>In this quick Tutorial we will see some basic concepts of MATLAB. How to perform the basic math funnctions.We will come up with detail overview of MATLAB with Step by step guide of each and everything in coming Tutorials. Stay connected for further Tutorials. </div><div><b><br /></b></div></div>

How-To, MATLAB

How to perform Basic Math functions in MATLAB commonly used functions Quick Guide

In this Quick Tutorial we will see some of the example of basic math functions in MATLAB. Before that there is quick overview about MATLAB ,...

How to Integrate LeapMotion Controller with Arduino

<!--[if !mso]><style>v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} </style><![endif]--> <br /><h2>                    <span style="font-size: x-large;">Control Leap Motion Technology with Arduino</span></h2><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-FwqxpI_MAc-XkloFUiNXXTP1_AaPua1ZDA_cKXru8R1wq5Wb55N8QvPqmUE1ideY4BP_v7SF1_L3j4Mt7t7U3bGXSIdrRcYJTdLYlqWctMEyr51XWU043T1bken00SZxmviHsuLOqzRG/s1600/leapmotion+controller+with+arduino.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="327" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-FwqxpI_MAc-XkloFUiNXXTP1_AaPua1ZDA_cKXru8R1wq5Wb55N8QvPqmUE1ideY4BP_v7SF1_L3j4Mt7t7U3bGXSIdrRcYJTdLYlqWctMEyr51XWU043T1bken00SZxmviHsuLOqzRG/s400/leapmotion+controller+with+arduino.PNG" width="400" /></a></div><h2> <span style="font-size: x-large;"></span></h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hello everyone</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">              After introduction of  Leap Motion Controller i got many requests from my viewers that how to control this 3D hand motion detector device with <b>micro-controllers</b> like <b>Arduino</b>. How to use this leap motion(motion control) device in our projects using Arduino and other microcontrollers. Here in this post i am going to show you that how to "<b>Blink LED</b>" with hand gestures by using <b>Leapmotion controller</b>. How to control electronic devices with leap sensor and how many types of controllers can interface with this motion detecting device.</span><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Q-PasppInoQ/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Q-PasppInoQ?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">First of all i will recommend you that when buy leap motion (motion detector) controller first you have to get used to with it properly. you have to know the basic rules and specification of it. And get in touch with how it recognize your hands by tracking the motions of your hands.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">            Here i am giving you a link for how to starting with gestures recognizing technology       </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">link  <b><a href="http://www.makeitmech.com/2017/06/what-is-leap-motion-controller-and-how.html" target="_blank">HOW TO START WITH LEAP MOTION CONTROLLER</a></b></span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><br /></div><h3><span style="font-size: x-large;">How many types of controllers can Interface with Leap motion controller</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The most common issue that arrives in users mind is does the leap motion sensor is only for playing games..? does it only for seeing hand gestures in computers..? My answer is NO. In my point of view This leap motion controller (motion detecting) device can have ability to made something that you can't even imagine. By using this motion control sensor you can make thing that can blow out the others mind. It gives you a way to connect 3D world with real hardware world technology.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">When i first buy leap motion controller () i am also confused with it. I was thinking that i waste my money and got stuck with the hell of this device. Because when i download his app there where only i saw the games to play and i was doing my engineering on that time so i was thinking that there app is for programming like others microcontroller (arduino). I stuck there. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">But then i think i was wrong ! </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">After alot of searching in google i got a little information's that it can control hardware's when use with microcontroller's like arduino and others.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">So i ran to my bag and take out the arduino, both leap motion controller and arduino are connect with my laptop usb pots and then i start to write a program of arduino, ohhhh it's doesn't working then again alot of search i found that there will be some <b>more programming software</b> must be used for controlling leap motion controller (motion detector) technology with arduino.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This is also one of the reason that i write my post <b><a href="http://www.makeitmech.com/2017/06/what-is-leap-motion-controller-and-how.html" target="_blank">what is Leap motion and How its works</a></b> and got positive response from audience motivate me to wrote about controlling physical devices like DC motors, Servos motors, robots, making projects with leap motion controller (3D hand gestures device) with arduino.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">So here i am showing you a list of programming software's for controlling 3D technology with arduino.</span></div><ol start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> Visual studio.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> Unity 3D.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> Cylon.js</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> Processing. </span></li></ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">These are the software's you can used with arduino to control motion detector ( gestures recognizing technology ). </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Here i am giving you detail about Processing software using with arduino and leapmotion.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><br /></div><h2><span style="font-size: 24.0pt;">Processing with Leapmotion and Arduino</span></h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Processing is the software in which we programed in Java language. You can make graphics, 2D, 3D animations, draw objects and much more. Knowledgeable thing is that arduino software is made by using processing language. It is the simplest language and very easy java sketch for beginners. So don't worry about its programming there is a lot of  examples to start with it.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><br /></div><h3><span style="font-size: large;">How to Download and Start with Processing Software</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Go to the site of processing<b> Link</b> <a href="https://processing.org/download/?processing" target="_blank">download processing software</a> download it. After downloading extract it. Now you got the inside the extracted folder. Open it you got the windows like </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieqNZIxHQM1xsN2NKYnYfMGSf1yLBKU_lovvSSX-f1u41DyHOvPRIGnpY2SWCxzdAhpKkfmDYfsjqIJMZ9CUPQ1UXj67cH0f9bshLhoHoIKg9GU5m0QjMwI4VTUW-gb5_r6P95xkzCMbOI/s1600/processing+software+windows.PNG" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieqNZIxHQM1xsN2NKYnYfMGSf1yLBKU_lovvSSX-f1u41DyHOvPRIGnpY2SWCxzdAhpKkfmDYfsjqIJMZ9CUPQ1UXj67cH0f9bshLhoHoIKg9GU5m0QjMwI4VTUW-gb5_r6P95xkzCMbOI/s640/processing+software+windows.PNG" width="531" /></a> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="separator" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYos2rz4HoYsj6Qg7M-8d97d8NEiE3ynro3kSD6yDPAA0R5Oi5IXxw5SIGvWW9vKqc5lT1IHya5c8vJB24RxMk55-c54kBwQQwo4NWkB-iKIdfocvaJAM70uJ4gAuwiiQAJPiE5ZfFoklu/s1600/processing+software+windows.PNG"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Now for controlling LeapMotion (3D hand gestures technology ) and Arduino with processing we must <b>install libraries</b> of leap motion controller and arduino here below are the the steps for installing libraries.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><ol start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Here click <b>Sketch </b></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">click  <b>Import library</b></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Then click <b>Add library</b></span></li></ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Now you got new window. Write leapmotion in search area you got library of <b>leapmotion for processing </b>click it and install it.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLQWRR8gDxFHQ1ennLZPJB8HsKzKXCvZb_ReOqnPsS1dIMPaLpS3zz0ghPHl4xk_JSBmkKpz3OjnCvAnrCygK3G3vxpkJUE5rlWtSgXy2IR0fb_K0UjgQYCgYJjXpIZbtYVAdqjh4wDpyP/s1600/processing+with+leapmotion.PNG" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="578" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLQWRR8gDxFHQ1ennLZPJB8HsKzKXCvZb_ReOqnPsS1dIMPaLpS3zz0ghPHl4xk_JSBmkKpz3OjnCvAnrCygK3G3vxpkJUE5rlWtSgXy2IR0fb_K0UjgQYCgYJjXpIZbtYVAdqjh4wDpyP/s640/processing+with+leapmotion.PNG" width="640" /></a> </span></div><div align="center" class="separator" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMjCNecAmuTWsQGe5QDRL7_Yjf7A9_qoJ__hZIjnDmCsd24teOgoHoOG3pA1uNxRlxuWJzPu2JlAmUgt50qzagsOnV6SctouFGL54bau2zZv1eOoxI6SlmRRzXAw5mSnT1ejFrpUhzWQmz/s1600/processing+with+leapmotion.PNG"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The same processes repeat for arduino library to do this you should write arduino in search instead of leapmotion and install the arduino library.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Now connect arduino and leap motion and check this video for controlling your first real world hardware with leapmotion controller and arduino using processing software and enjoy it. Code is below the video.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">"                        video                        "    </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><br /></div><h3><span style="font-size: 24.0pt;">Code for Processing </span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">import processing.serial.*;<br />import de.voidplus.leapmotion.*;<br /><br />LeapMotion leap;<br />Serial myPort;<br /><br />void setup() {<br />  leap = new LeapMotion(this);<br />  println(Serial.list());<br />  myPort = new Serial(this,Serial.list()[0], 9600);<br />}<br /><br />void draw() {<br />  background(0);<br />  for (Hand hand : leap.getHands()) {<br />      pushMatrix();<br />      float handSize = hand.getSphereRadius();<br />      int handSize2 = int(handSize);<br />      myPort.write(handSize2);<br />      println(handSize2);<br />      popMatrix();<br />    }<br />}</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b>  </b></span></div><h3><span style="font-size: 24.0pt;">Code for Arduino</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">int val;<br />int led = 13;           // the pin that the LED is attached to<br />int brightness = 0;    // how bright the LED is<br />int fadeAmount = 5;    // how many points to fade the LED by<br />// the setup routine runs once when you press reset:<br />void setup()  { <br />  Serial.begin(9600);<br />  pinMode(led, OUTPUT);<br />} <br />// the loop routine runs over and over again forever:<br />void loop()  { <br />   if (Serial.available() == '\n') { //  Check if there is a new message<br />      val= Serial.read();  <br />     // 1st fragment<br />      if (val<60) {<br />       digitalWrite(led,LOW); <br />      }<br />      if (val>60) {<br />        digitalWrite(led,HIGH); <br />      }  </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">}</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">}</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"> <b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hope you enjoy this lesson. I am waiting for your precious Feedback about this post .  </span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><h4><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></h4><h4><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">There will be much more lessons so click <span style="font-size: large;">Follow button  </span></span></h4><h4><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">If you have any query about controlling leapmotion with Arduino kindly tell us so our team can resolve your issue.   </span></h4><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings></xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> 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Arduino, How-To, Leapmotion with arduino, Mechatronics, Robotics, Sensors/Modules

How to Integrate LeapMotion Controller with Arduino

                    Control Leap Motion Technology with Arduino   Hello everyone               After introduction of  Leap Motion Controlle...

What is Transformer and How it works

<h2 style="color: #262626; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="rendered_qtext" style="font-family: inherit; tab-size: 4;"><span style="font-size: 23px;">    </span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> What is the transformer?</span></span></h2><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnZB9lzgliYSJz6zdEbOi4r1zwkDPRCLA0TiFXDNSAFAxJ1pV2TXzyNZwEhhWLzCKPN-2HgJC0NuoLZMrGjD3976PfwUDGzitpyoOK_iWoZEElGdDSWKg6O41mKwkmPN_1u3F5BXeha8o/s1600/A+New+Design+%25286%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1599" data-original-width="1599" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnZB9lzgliYSJz6zdEbOi4r1zwkDPRCLA0TiFXDNSAFAxJ1pV2TXzyNZwEhhWLzCKPN-2HgJC0NuoLZMrGjD3976PfwUDGzitpyoOK_iWoZEElGdDSWKg6O41mKwkmPN_1u3F5BXeha8o/s640/A+New+Design+%25286%2529.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div></div><h3><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">contents:</span></h3><div><ol><li><span style="font-family: inherit;">What is transformer</span></li><li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Common uses and types of transformer</span></li><li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Working principle<span style="font-size: 15px;"> of transformer</span></span></li></ol></div><h2><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">what is Transformer?</span></h2><div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">A Transformer </span><span style="font-size: 15px;">is an electrical device that exploits Faraday's Law </span><span style="font-size: 15px;">of electromagnetic induction to transfer energy between two or more circuits.</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px;">Transformer is a static that it has no moving parts electrical device used to convert electrical power at a constant frequency from one voltage level to another.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px;">It can only work on AC voltage. As the input is an AC voltage , the magnitude changes </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "q_serif" , "georgia" , "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">sinusoidal way.</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px;">Commonly, transformers are used to increase or decrease the voltages of  alternating current in electric power applications.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px;"> </span></span></div><div><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "q_serif" , "georgia" , "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;">Without changing frequency transformer transform electrical energy from one circuit to another as according with the principle of electromagnetic induction.</span></span></div><div><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "q_serif" , "georgia" , "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></div><h2><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Common uses and types of Transformer</span></h2><div><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;">There are two main types of transformer:</span></div><div><ol><li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Step up</span></li><li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Step down</span></li></ol><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">These types are used to step up or step down the ac voltages.</span></div></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">A step up transformer is used for <span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px;">transmission purpose while a step down for distribution.</span></span></div><div><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;">According to construction there are two types:</span></div><div><ol><li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Core type</span></li><li><span style="font-family: inherit;">shell type</span></li></ol><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">There are two types of connection in transformers:</span></div></div><div><ol><li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Star connection</span></li><li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Delta connection</span></li></ol><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">Transformers are really important in the field of of power.it can be used as high or low voltage as needed.</span></div></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><h2><span style="font-family: inherit;">Working principle of Transformer</span></h2><div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px;">When an </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px;">electric current flows through a wire, it generates a </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px;">magnetic field</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px;"> or magnetic flux all around it.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px;"> The strength of this field is directly proportional to the value of the current. Thus a magnetic field produced in this way may be turned on and off, reversed, and varied in strength very simply. The magnetic field can be visualized as lines of </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px;">magnetic flux </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px;">that form closed paths.</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAQShnBROkxBYk-V8CxRgX-J-7GnT-sNqVhEmgAZL-NLrEnGTHn0JYZDJFdOnUV0Dl747aIchi0xFHgPrVrS4enWA14IsdQpPmTPRL-E4RnuK7RCKG4422zZ3JTFMNSao1YEiisQwosJk/s1600/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" data-original-height="401" data-original-width="767" height="207" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAQShnBROkxBYk-V8CxRgX-J-7GnT-sNqVhEmgAZL-NLrEnGTHn0JYZDJFdOnUV0Dl747aIchi0xFHgPrVrS4enWA14IsdQpPmTPRL-E4RnuK7RCKG4422zZ3JTFMNSao1YEiisQwosJk/s400/Capture.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;"> if we put a second coil of wire next to the first one, and send a fluctuating electric current into the first coil, we will create an electric current in the second wire. This is called <b>electromagnetic induction </b>because the <i>alternating current in the first coil causes (or "induces") a current in the second coil</i>.</span></span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGZoT-rliVOggi6QWwkYE6ag2GEDDNZuAToIKpG2zyEJXG21iM6CTY72S7IJCxRyGUmMsdOp1vvqlECGPYdOOI02O_WdR1mOwh_s8bmlTCL290exAaBl7E-z_HU_yV1YhaQ2HTau_wwKU/s1600/aaa.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" data-original-height="378" data-original-width="436" height="346" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGZoT-rliVOggi6QWwkYE6ag2GEDDNZuAToIKpG2zyEJXG21iM6CTY72S7IJCxRyGUmMsdOp1vvqlECGPYdOOI02O_WdR1mOwh_s8bmlTCL290exAaBl7E-z_HU_yV1YhaQ2HTau_wwKU/s400/aaa.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;">The first coil, which takes electrical power from the source,  is called the <b>primary winding</b>, and the second coil, which gives the desired output voltage, is known as the <b>secondary winding</b>.</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf63jmVD6gwNKuaUkAdM-JrPGqBXppx4dWd_oGBSDRT4MaSf1sr9_PkFftbtRgGDvINmobAMsaawWrufACvUDN00nXtBLXGE1T9j2yUpO2mbGZo7B9QlMFtZvpiVxMZXQmsvIguxSW5uc/s1600/Captureaaa.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" data-original-height="354" data-original-width="462" height="306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf63jmVD6gwNKuaUkAdM-JrPGqBXppx4dWd_oGBSDRT4MaSf1sr9_PkFftbtRgGDvINmobAMsaawWrufACvUDN00nXtBLXGE1T9j2yUpO2mbGZo7B9QlMFtZvpiVxMZXQmsvIguxSW5uc/s400/Captureaaa.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span><br /><h2><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px;"><b>Step-down transformers</b></span></span></span></h2><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">If the secondary voltage is smaller than the primary voltage this is the step down transformer.</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px;">The current is transformed the opposite way—increased in size—in a step-down transformer.</span></span><br /><h2><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span><b style="color: #333333;">Step-up transformers</b></span></h2></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">In the step up transformer the voltage will increase .The boost up in the voltages from low to high is called a step up transformer.The more turns on the secondary coil then the primary.it has bigger secondary voltage but smaller secondary current.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px;">In an ideal transformer, the induced voltage in the secondary winding (</span><i style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px;">V</i><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px;">s) is in proportion to the primary voltage (</span><i style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px;">V</i><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px;">p) and is given by the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary (</span><i style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px;">N</i><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px;">s) to the number of turns in the primary (</span><i style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px;">N</i><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px;">p) as follows:</span></span><br /><div class="qtext_image_wrapper" style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1em; position: relative;"></div></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img src="https://qph.ec.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-521766049eb684cb2f31326f279deb7d.webp" /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><h2><span style="font-family: inherit;">Conclusion</span></h2><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">In this article we have just review some basic concepts of the transformer.In the coming posts we will discuss the detail construction and types of the transformer.</span></div>

Electric / Electronic Components, How-To

What is Transformer and How it works

     What is the transformer? contents: What is transformer Common uses and types of transformer Working principle  of transformer what is T...

How to design a Robot chassis with omni wheels

<h2 style="text-align: center;">Design a Robot Chassis</h2><div>In this article we will see how to design a robot chassis.Robot design depends on the required specification.If we are designing the chassis of Line following Robot our dimensions should not be much larger.so we have some requirements about the size and dimensions.mostly the small and smart sizes are preferred for making obstacle avoiding or line following robot.But if we are making something big..like a Rescue robot the design will be much different either in look and in size as well.</div><div>Here we are making the design for Soccer playing Robot or you can say Pick and place robot.The robot can move  6-DOF.The omni directional robot have the ability to move almost in all directions.</div><div>So here we will see the design of an omni directional robot.</div><div>The are two main types of material used for Robot kits.<br /><ol><li>Acrylic sheets</li><li>Aluminium sheets</li></ol></div><div><h3>Acrylic Sheet (base)</h3><div><div>We can use other but these are the preferred materials.Acrylics sheets are nearly less costly as compared to aluminium sheets.</div><div>We have to design the base of robot from acrylic sheet which is cut by using laser cutting</div><div>machine. The shape of base is circle having the diameter of 250mm and the upper portion is</div><div>about 230mm.The upper two wheels are at the angle of 35dergree from centre and the lower two wheels are at the angle of 45 degree. This design gives the drag to the robot when moving forward and also a movement in the respective angle. The thickness of acrylic sheet is about 5mm we choose acrylic because it is light weight and its cutting is less expensive then the metal.</div></div></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.makeitmech.com/2017/02/how-to-design-robot-chassis.html"><img alt="robot base design for omni wheel robot.details about making robot design." border="0" height="500" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3rc-8wynZmekXh6kvL_MdpClA9TbVyijJMXBGCIb726a95PfXKf7DhE8S_rAVZIIL8D03YXct-hBLzi6bGLP-XMCfy1vfB3GPC2MUeWVvTLnCJndZyEp-VDpzW3YmCLTmk2lKZXl-i44/s640/cuucutlia.JPG" title="acrylic robot base for omni wheels" width="640" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><h2>Aluminium Chassis</h2><div>Aluminium is little costly then acrylic.we only use aluminium base or complete chassis when we need strength.when we need strong body that can carry high weight and could not damage by collision and hitting.</div><div><br /></div><div>Below is the sketch Diagram of the Robot that i have designed for a Soccer Robot.The two plates of aluminium one is the base of the robot and other is the top covering.The diameter is 28 cm.These designs are made using SolidWorks.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.makeitmech.com/2017/02/how-to-design-robot-chassis.html"><img alt="how to design robot chassis.complete detail about making robot chassis for omni wheel robot." border="0" height="448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq0FTn8L5g1L8uWqyakS1sVpOGN8uLfVV4zkLBIGZXQgABtHicmZ6Mbb0TNx9FD7sk3ReWmXIsltjQR551qSKpu-Hk2OUeh-y9oQZno7UQ2cBVvHPNZ1JiRSGbE9W_CBhxJyXPXwDcDys/s640/plexyy.JPG" title="robot chassis design" width="640" /></a></div><div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.makeitmech.com/2017/02/how-to-design-robot-chassis.html"><img alt="Robot chassis design for omni wheel robot.soccer robot design with complete details and sketch files" border="0" height="442" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7OESwjEUdhZtZR8_kJIeG81gOCDpEE2XxtAmq9SXi06uJxsRk9wmxl-rpWTWLyWJ8lB8CQTN1daK3hrjTj-FLDol35gKmho6nYDjBxYBP35J07V6o72VaUUAaYdWkrZjrxlGJvnypCuk/s640/headd.JPG" title="Robot chassis design" width="640" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><b>Here is the Final look of these sketch:</b></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.makeitmech.com/2017/02/how-to-design-robot-chassis.html"><img alt="Aluminium chassis design for soccer robot.robot design for robocup." border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4RK2zX335-lO6LoTsozbu1W7lJ5CRv_-lQ2sc3Z3UvwLHaqfLoRkSIUbOYqCsNErm45TNYZ-C3QdcDaE-Wto-Tso69XsMNJoOWpGLKKbxTGm2SpIaWw3b1kYC9FDRXUX9mM9U0lmYMVU/s640/best.JPG" title="robot chassis design" width="640" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><b>See the final look of Robot:</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.makeitmech.com/2017/02/how-to-design-robot-chassis.html"><img alt="soccer robot design with complete details and sketch files.making chassis for robocup robot" border="0" height="638" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjycrBWl1BfPoKMdFVghGppwzoUUrwI2PABMrgD5Im9v_g4FoWUjB3woe1AWKz13Lvxw__DVVuVIDTleQ7_nnJM3fa85uMq5HummNI-Q8H-MxLP7J2WtmuA6IynrTTa65egF9kd-EfaZms/s640/IMG_20151107_035014.jpg" title="soccer robot design" width="640" /></a></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.makeitmech.com/2017/02/how-to-design-robot-chassis.html"><img alt="soccer robot chassis.robot for robocup.complete chassis design information with sketch files" border="0" height="524" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQkQHTIYZZJgZMSyOthBbtf1wvtJUCBdgj1litcwfnNQozOGmgezXcJDl26O_GFdaW2lrGdTfPkGM3CZ2dkvEZd3UQjSPSPzMnl-OoO2Avrn8OUt5UB4_wAlXwqVTSlc7EotN1Q1RaqOU/s640/IMG_20151111_114132.jpg" title="soccer robot" width="640" /></a></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.makeitmech.com/2017/02/how-to-design-robot-chassis.html"><img alt="Soccer robots for robocup.design of robots.details of making robot chassis" border="0" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIEMocSbO3CVx4YnMhyphenhyphen16xs2zhPsaC2_21KBvsvGTMYbuJmiiDDTRd5VWqXb_iQ9OQo7bQsehhMUZkRR4kW9Q1BQK0i3bRRrTokZaGeVLdGfcmqaCr55Alfw3YsepMEZ-pS0Myu34hoP8/s640/12243826_1086849308004022_458872623_n.jpg" title="soccer robots omni wheel robot design" width="640" /></a></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>I hope You liked it.You can Download files in pdf by Entering your E-mail address.<br />Here are the related posts links of how to make <a href="http://www.makeitmech.com/2017/02/wireless-remote-control-robot-using-nrf.html">Remote control robot</a> , Soccer playing <a href="http://www.makeitmech.com/2017/02/how-to-make-soccer-robot-for-robocup.html">Robot for Robocup and Arduino robots.</a></div><div class="mailmunch-forms-widget-452770"></div>

How-To, Mechatronics, Projects, Robotics

How to design a Robot chassis with omni wheels

Design a Robot Chassis In this article we will see how to design a robot chassis.Robot design depends on the required specification.If we ar...

How to use Transistor switch with Arduino

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjryeEOBmSg2vJthukGhtIJ5JGna9Tg4Lo8lRg667bYM8VS31IGNyp7fMwm2EVc8aHat-lBGrlBn4REPlhKO3H-TpAuhagUJ0TfPaUG4zY_eivvQxxFR0Ec0MZzLk_H9JdmmckDUTiq6USi/s1600/arduino+with+transistor+switch.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjryeEOBmSg2vJthukGhtIJ5JGna9Tg4Lo8lRg667bYM8VS31IGNyp7fMwm2EVc8aHat-lBGrlBn4REPlhKO3H-TpAuhagUJ0TfPaUG4zY_eivvQxxFR0Ec0MZzLk_H9JdmmckDUTiq6USi/s1600/arduino+with+transistor+switch.PNG" /></a></div><h2><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBYj0bawlwZ1uyga_2368TUVlZgOnlzF3hdTV3rD_LaoG5XkMtjmGavHB4F-dAquYymAikEaM6cfJBO5ygWga1iajAKWYiCIGB6HML80gYWyWZKuuo6JBkYq7HCbGyu8lJLkShfEhmUYSN/s1600/transistor+switch.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBYj0bawlwZ1uyga_2368TUVlZgOnlzF3hdTV3rD_LaoG5XkMtjmGavHB4F-dAquYymAikEaM6cfJBO5ygWga1iajAKWYiCIGB6HML80gYWyWZKuuo6JBkYq7HCbGyu8lJLkShfEhmUYSN/s1600/transistor+switch.PNG" /></a> </h2><h4>            Transistor switching with arduino</h4><h2> </h2><h2>                     </h2><h2>  </h2><h2>   </h2><h2>        Transistor as a Switch with Arduino:</h2><i>                 </i>      Transistor a semiconductor device which is use as a switch with arduino. There are many different applications in which transistor is used.  <br /><b>The reason of using Transistor with Arduino </b>is that in any microcontroller there is not enough current to drive heavy loads like motors so for drive the heavy loads we use some extra switch like transistor or relays. Here we are going to <i><b>switching led with transistor </b></i>for basic knowledge.<br /><br />For controllind dc motors<b> </b>with transistor<b> click here <a href="http://www.makeitmech.com/2017/02/drive-dc-motor-using-transistor-arduino.html" target="_blank">http://www.makeitmech.com/2017/02/drive-dc-motor-using-transistor-arduino.html</a></b><br /><br /> Use of transistor is also useful when if you are using some external switch such as push button and you want to use electrical switch instead of using push button you can use Transistor so it can switch electrically with heavy loads.<br />                                              <br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizgp6DYuyDRcNFec_ZIwhiXG1SPPwlnjvALorx7e9ZlxTQbYKCFwE6ATGPPrvdJE9w7Py-6n9kgVtrUsJ3H6Q-59WHZe4aW0bZLOthEgwqsg0Dq5oPnlvDb-PPjjkkxAmAp4kOAD4o0_c/s1600/s.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizgp6DYuyDRcNFec_ZIwhiXG1SPPwlnjvALorx7e9ZlxTQbYKCFwE6ATGPPrvdJE9w7Py-6n9kgVtrUsJ3H6Q-59WHZe4aW0bZLOthEgwqsg0Dq5oPnlvDb-PPjjkkxAmAp4kOAD4o0_c/s320/s.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><br /><h3>                                     </h3><h3><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2GxxyK6vgi-33k9BhTDtcY8_RDfmu-qzo6K4svKgvvDm-20HyNYhVZmJEWPE_1shZb7BHEVdVzRTokxtEq_0dMh7dAWsLqpHWKVttJ9ucQbJP3HK4BHeTr193KMXZcfdAUlZTWezG23kc/s1600/transistor+switch.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="npn transistor with arduino" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2GxxyK6vgi-33k9BhTDtcY8_RDfmu-qzo6K4svKgvvDm-20HyNYhVZmJEWPE_1shZb7BHEVdVzRTokxtEq_0dMh7dAWsLqpHWKVttJ9ucQbJP3HK4BHeTr193KMXZcfdAUlZTWezG23kc/s1600/transistor+switch.PNG" title="npn transistor" /></a>  Theory of Transistor:</h3>            Transistor have three legs emitter, base, collector. Transistor is using to turn a small input current into large output current and acts like amplifier. But at the same time it also used for switching.<br /><br />When there is no current is flow through base a little or no current flow between emitter and collector. Turn ON the base current make a big current flows through emitter and collector.                                                                        <br /><br />            <br /><h3>Transistors:</h3><br /><div style="text-align: left;">                  1. Purely an electronic device, also called Electronic switches</div><div style="text-align: left;">                  2. Comes in configuration of PNP and NPN. We will be using <b>npn                                                                                 transistor</b> configuration.</div><div style="text-align: left;">                  3. Can handle DC loads only.</div><div style="text-align: left;">                  4. They can operate at MHz speed.</div><div style="text-align: left;">                  5. Activation generally requires low voltages that in most of the cases, can be provided by</div><div style="text-align: left;">                      Arduino board.</div><div style="text-align: left;">                 6.  Long life.</div>                                        <br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm2-iZK9ZI6kL9TfcxPqrS2YiQmlvs0PZHCjToUhCnZKGMwRG8xaxm5COIAMAucE48G8dYafDiZkmP-aJzodZl-pHuNKZhZBcUU8TsZNBB1R_1uOk6VILffezEqKNQHAmo67x1qdFEoT4/s1600/d.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="npn transistor with arduino" border="0" height="202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm2-iZK9ZI6kL9TfcxPqrS2YiQmlvs0PZHCjToUhCnZKGMwRG8xaxm5COIAMAucE48G8dYafDiZkmP-aJzodZl-pHuNKZhZBcUU8TsZNBB1R_1uOk6VILffezEqKNQHAmo67x1qdFEoT4/s320/d.PNG" title="npn tranistor" width="320" /></a></div>Now because of your basic Knowledge i am going to show you that that if a led is powered by external 12 volt battery with resistor then whats going on and whats the circuit and if we connect it with an electric switch then whats the circuit and also whats happen when we connect it with Transistor then whats happen.<br />                                                                                          <br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzY4ol26N4tk1li0SSlCR6p8weCb-tmaistoJ-JSFvA4ia6Csra9e7VHGZkIi0CTleOj2Q-5h3pD4zWJ73lId_7gy4HYw8VmSPSIUPeXtXv8IFIKnMD3Wp8QFuwD6bl8yEdhmNm7qWxXM/s1600/q.PNG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="led switch with transistor" border="0" height="144" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzY4ol26N4tk1li0SSlCR6p8weCb-tmaistoJ-JSFvA4ia6Csra9e7VHGZkIi0CTleOj2Q-5h3pD4zWJ73lId_7gy4HYw8VmSPSIUPeXtXv8IFIKnMD3Wp8QFuwD6bl8yEdhmNm7qWxXM/s320/q.PNG" title="led switch with transistor" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5WlOqs-l3mD9Hv1mXUqGNXqhIXYmoFRssMHhYOmk6q3otbIq0MQDELIZUm2wX1yZpriJrVISGZkC00A8QFhRaZW9KjdeQQwmBpqJ8WqAi8ZjcRAYVB18oCPcLkW4IT0GBeVuu0X2f1cs/s1600/w.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="led switch with transistor" border="0" height="138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5WlOqs-l3mD9Hv1mXUqGNXqhIXYmoFRssMHhYOmk6q3otbIq0MQDELIZUm2wX1yZpriJrVISGZkC00A8QFhRaZW9KjdeQQwmBpqJ8WqAi8ZjcRAYVB18oCPcLkW4IT0GBeVuu0X2f1cs/s320/w.PNG" title="led switch with transistor" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizdz-GsFDSHczXW2-faDv-OVEUyBzTUFMR2ckoG58kmfGQe8VVe1QqVNuwgsbZ-Oj8pZCybGY___HlcWVPa_QJUvxeqqbLgha6mNXJ65ncSaeZfHDgZLpBfBwE6wj2KQ0Fw2AR9tnktnI/s1600/e.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="led switch with transistor" border="0" height="163" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizdz-GsFDSHczXW2-faDv-OVEUyBzTUFMR2ckoG58kmfGQe8VVe1QqVNuwgsbZ-Oj8pZCybGY___HlcWVPa_QJUvxeqqbLgha6mNXJ65ncSaeZfHDgZLpBfBwE6wj2KQ0Fw2AR9tnktnI/s320/e.PNG" title="led switch with transistor" width="320" /></a></div>Now the circuit with Transistor is connect with Arduino and arduino pin then we saw that how to connect transistor with arduino as a switch.The transistor allows you to control a circuit that’s carrying higher current and voltage from the microcontroller. It acts as an electronic switch. It’s designed for switching high-current loads. It has three connections, the base, the collector, and the emitter. The base is connected to the microcontroller’s output. The high-current load (i.e. the motor or light) is attached to its power source, and then to the collector of the transistor. The emitter of the transistor is connected to ground.<br />                                      <br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4fBWuQhYJheLXgMmlqm9lForp4BY9VDQiHhRPWRVZC9Opu-DqXPOUXt3Sx1QQJF16dw3skRCnMe7ZD_dODKXVrmxv49n0kOMw6pVBoJKFSyL-fh7ibVJT7JWYTT2kVN9yxDtNVGRSSwA/s1600/f.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="led switching with transistor and arduino" border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4fBWuQhYJheLXgMmlqm9lForp4BY9VDQiHhRPWRVZC9Opu-DqXPOUXt3Sx1QQJF16dw3skRCnMe7ZD_dODKXVrmxv49n0kOMw6pVBoJKFSyL-fh7ibVJT7JWYTT2kVN9yxDtNVGRSSwA/s320/f.PNG" title="led switching with transistor and arduino" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD_anTCJM9ACPGiLZY-M9ZjIIWarDRWeRqts04JHBuV1QTi5CkRC_YwGwOJ1oU37zZu8VYBjhQ57nMeJO4I1Fs7qqo2xW95SOnhECCDemvcmBIrwyECFUwUkPleZfgozUQq9BoExI_KHE/s1600/g.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="led switching with transistor and arduino" border="0" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD_anTCJM9ACPGiLZY-M9ZjIIWarDRWeRqts04JHBuV1QTi5CkRC_YwGwOJ1oU37zZu8VYBjhQ57nMeJO4I1Fs7qqo2xW95SOnhECCDemvcmBIrwyECFUwUkPleZfgozUQq9BoExI_KHE/s320/g.PNG" title="led switching with transistor and arduino" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br />                    You’ll notice that each of those circuits uses a series resistor between the control input and the base of the transistor.<b> Don’t forget to add this resistor!</b> A transistor without a resistor on the base is like an LED with no current limiting resistance.<br />Some transistors may only be rated for a maximum of 10-100mA of current to flow through them. If you supply a current over the maximum rating, the transistor might blow up. The series resistor between our control source and the base <b>limits current into the base</b>. The base-emitter node can get its happy voltage drop of 0.6V, and the resistor can drop the remaining voltage. The value of the resistor, and voltage across it, will set the current.<br /><br /><h3><b>Schematic of Transistor switch and arduino: </b></h3><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1zvJhpULfexwlIBIJZPrCNG7mook9uEmWuSOQYSLz3hRc_g0hBGTa95adfc5qUWKfaJirDMNx1bWbVecCcqTyujA1i-UXDUWCmLKWzeK99qvV3_XBJqjuOmQy8ovZFy2wkpvqGxjVADI/s1600/ledt.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="led switching with transistor and arduino" border="0" height="452" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1zvJhpULfexwlIBIJZPrCNG7mook9uEmWuSOQYSLz3hRc_g0hBGTa95adfc5qUWKfaJirDMNx1bWbVecCcqTyujA1i-UXDUWCmLKWzeK99qvV3_XBJqjuOmQy8ovZFy2wkpvqGxjVADI/s640/ledt.PNG" title="led switching with transistor and arduino" width="640" /></a></div><br /><br /><h2><b>                                   FINAL CODE:</b></h2><b>int </b><b><b>transistor_switch</b> = 2;<br /><br />void setup() {<br /><br />pinMode(</b><b><b>transistor_switch</b>,OUTPUT);<br /><br />}<br /><br />void loop() {<br /><br />digitalWrite(</b><b><b>transistor_switch</b>,HIGH);<br /><br />delay(1000);<br /><br />digitalWrite(</b><b><b>transistor_switch</b>,LOW);<br /><br />delay(1000);<br /><br />}</b><br /><br /><h3><b>Understanding with code:</b></h3><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="color: red;"> Step #1: Global space</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">                      In global space we define that what is the name of our variable and the pin we connect our output or input connect with so here i use variable (<b>transistor_switch</b>) and pin number (3). Declare an integer variable with suitable name and define it with the digital I/O pin # (0 to 13). </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><b> int </b><b><b>transistor_switch</b> = 2;</b><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="color: red;"> Step #2:</span> Configure in setup()</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">                      At setup we define our pin Mode that the variables declare in the global space is our <b>INPUT</b> or <b>OUTPUT.</b> In our case we see the led glowing so we write it as OUTPUT. For our program, we should write:</div><br /><b>void setup() {<br /><br />pinMode(</b><b><b>transistor_switch</b>,OUTPUT);<br /><br />}</b><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="color: red;"> Step #3:</span>  loop()</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">                      In loop() you can actually do something that run again and again so in our loop by using of switch we ON and OFF the led by using delay of 1 second so that we see our output switching ON and OFF. </div><br /><b>void loop() {<br /><br />digitalWrite(transistor_switch,HIGH);<br /><br />delay(1000);<br /><br />digitalWrite(transistor_switch,LOW);<br /><br />delay(1000);<br /><br />} </b><br /><br /><br />Once the code is uploaded, if you have done everything right, the LED should flash. It will do that for as long as the device is plugged in.<br />Note- if the Arduino is unplugged, then plugged in again, it will still work.<br /><br /><b>Hope you enjoyed the lesson, keep looking at my profile for more arduino lessons soon. </b><br />  <br /><br /><br /><br />

Arduino, How-To

How to use Transistor switch with Arduino

            Transistor switching with arduino                                        Transistor as a Switch with Arduino:                  ...