Boost converter circuit for solenoid mechanism

<h2 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Boost converter circuit for solenoid mechanism</span></h2><h2><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Introduction to booster:</span></h2><span style="font-family: inherit;">In this article we will see how to make booster.We are making booster circuit for solenoid and can be used in many projects. Here i'm going to use it for the kicker mechanism of soccer playing robot</span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">For the kick we have to energize our coil and to energize the coil we needed high voltages for</span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">this purpose we have designed the boost converter which convert the 12 volt into 220 volts. Our</span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">boost converter circuit has main two parts first one is power circuit and the second one is the</span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">pulse and gate driver circuit for mosfet.</span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">For generating the frequency and to drive the gate of mosfet we have used 555 timer ic which is</span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">operating in a normal a stable mode generating frequency of 15.6Khz and 12volts to open the</span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">gate of mosfet IRF460.</span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <b><span style="font-family: inherit;">Formula: F= 1/0.693xC(R𝑅2 + 2𝑅1)</span></b><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">The boost converter power circuit has inductor which is charged and discharged quickly by using</span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">mosfet as a switch and capacitor is to stored charge. Our application is to charge our selonied and</span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">use as a kick so by using the relay we discharge the capacitor when we give the signal from</span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">microcontroller.</span><br /><h3><span style="font-family: inherit;"> List of components used in boost converter</span></h3><span style="font-family: inherit;">1) 100uH Inductor</span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">2) Resistors</span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">3) 1K potentiometer</span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">4) 555 timer</span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">5) Transistor BF454</span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">6) Mosfet IRF460</span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">7) Capacitors</span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">8) Relay</span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">9) Optocoupler</span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">Calculations:</span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">Vout/Vin=1/1-D</span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">Vout=220V, Vin= 12V, D=90%</span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <b><span style="font-family: inherit;">The circuit diagram is showing in this figure:</span></b><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_856wIQ8XU8-1vbKazNIWOolNbuGU-ORWK7q2KWrLBDU6CRPKr-1X0Ls2SJCKyIxK1Gfo6RXiq1OLvgwLJORICZ8IQhGeKGlfkPtcce7EC0a3wXeTJ0kCT_HlXV3Y_WgzeGTlxyMCB2o/s1600/rororo.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img alt="Boost converter circuit diagram for driving solenoid.complete detail about the circuit with booster concept and theory." border="0" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_856wIQ8XU8-1vbKazNIWOolNbuGU-ORWK7q2KWrLBDU6CRPKr-1X0Ls2SJCKyIxK1Gfo6RXiq1OLvgwLJORICZ8IQhGeKGlfkPtcce7EC0a3wXeTJ0kCT_HlXV3Y_WgzeGTlxyMCB2o/s640/rororo.JPG" title="Boost converter circuit for solenoid" width="640" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: inherit;">See the related posts of making solenoid mechanism and kicker mechanism for robot.</span><br /><a href="http://www.makeitmech.com/2017/02/how-to-make-soccer-robot-for-robocup.html">http://www.makeitmech.com/2017/02/how-to-make-soccer-robot-for-robocup.html</a><br /><br /><!-- Begin BidVertiser code --><br /><script src="http://bdv.bidvertiser.com/BidVertiser.dbm?pid=762381&bid=1871560" type="text/javascript"></script><br /><!-- End BidVertiser code -->

Electrical, Electrical Concepts, Projects

Boost converter circuit for solenoid mechanism

Boost converter circuit for solenoid mechanism Introduction to booster: In this article we will see how to make booster.We are making boos...

Motor Driver circuit L298 and IR2104 motor driver circuits with PCB layout

<h2 style="text-align: center;">L298 and IR2104 motor driver circuits with PCB layout</h2><div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">In this article we will see the circuits of motor driver with L298 and IR2104 motor driver.I have already explain about motor drivers in this post so <a href="http://www.makeitmech.com/2017/02/motor-drivers-and-dual-h-bridge-l298.html">motor-drivers-and-dual-h-bridge-l298</a> .we are not going to discuss it in details here .</span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">To control the direction and speed of motor we have to use motor drivers. First we selected L298</span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">motor driver and design its pcb having max current of 2A and 18volts. The ccircuit diagram is</span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">shown in figure:</span></div></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img alt="L298 motor driver circuit diagram complete information with pcb layout" border="0" height="384" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlhTHr0TS7N9kG8OJYsMM0nyhOWYBrW11B0Mv0LU23Y64zMix2L8JvUREdc74QM_rCev1asSe6PCcVdmL1JtjxwF-7JieCHT4mKG4GN9t8zbc4u2BnqD-7hkVxo6xS7ssiNOFcxfI2KHQ/s640/messy.JPG" title="L298 motor driver circuit" width="640" /></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">These motor drivers could not bare the load of these motors because when the speed was</span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">increased and it torque is increased the power of these motor increased from the rating of L298</span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">driver so these drivers was not suited for these motors.</span></div></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">The PCB diagram is shown in figure below:</span></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSicPdFoSV6nTVwhoEq4qWHnogszxgPSTyEkqbRjvYeyCUqnbyqJhZXlG2dZVEvE_h9WY1wQbEeNjRgz7eWIs7KCCv_Jhtr8CaeRkRzA2TrM6wsY9uSPCmH_mJT9D-jxaXo4DAMXJERSw/s1600/pcb.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="593" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSicPdFoSV6nTVwhoEq4qWHnogszxgPSTyEkqbRjvYeyCUqnbyqJhZXlG2dZVEvE_h9WY1wQbEeNjRgz7eWIs7KCCv_Jhtr8CaeRkRzA2TrM6wsY9uSPCmH_mJT9D-jxaXo4DAMXJERSw/s640/pcb.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">After this we made motor driver by using mosfets IRF540N full bridge and using IR2104 motor</span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">driver so that these driver can bare the load of our motors and we can use our motors on fully</span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">capability. The circuit is shown in figure below:</span></div></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCGotR_VgZ2-mEvDdfw1HktyxbdiX0RthzdoRbIjMhxSdWDEC-O7OTDHdgClbY-KAweWteJyoGanW82nqnRHWKLAweucS6Nb8iAzeA3VQPd9qUWstmmnqL9r7G-O9MiLck4mbJuQAzahk/s1600/mraadil.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Motor driver circuit with IR2104 and IRF540 full bridge.complete details of the circuit with pcb layout" border="0" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCGotR_VgZ2-mEvDdfw1HktyxbdiX0RthzdoRbIjMhxSdWDEC-O7OTDHdgClbY-KAweWteJyoGanW82nqnRHWKLAweucS6Nb8iAzeA3VQPd9qUWstmmnqL9r7G-O9MiLck4mbJuQAzahk/s640/mraadil.JPG" title="IR2104 motor driver with IRF540 full bridge" width="640" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>The layout of PCB is in figure below:</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiieJc2vM0SZT-LWyom-k14VL3C9rfe0x-nUPz-zNy5eqZxOdEvk5lQeEVoj0AwBKHnK8HyoYSbSNlYF1ikymNF-6cRYQ6vWEtM5foSOt71I9Rtc9bjtFPVlIHtDMstKDH7tV_IlJDb7rg/s1600/dolllaa.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiieJc2vM0SZT-LWyom-k14VL3C9rfe0x-nUPz-zNy5eqZxOdEvk5lQeEVoj0AwBKHnK8HyoYSbSNlYF1ikymNF-6cRYQ6vWEtM5foSOt71I9Rtc9bjtFPVlIHtDMstKDH7tV_IlJDb7rg/s400/dolllaa.JPG" width="340" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">I hope You understand the cicuit diagram.</span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">See the related posts for more information.follow and get the latest updates about new posts.</span><br /><div><br /></div>

Electrical, Electrical Concepts, Projects

Motor Driver circuit L298 and IR2104 motor driver circuits with PCB layout

L298 and IR2104 motor driver circuits with PCB layout In this article we will see the circuits of motor driver with L298 and IR2104 motor dr...

Integrating ADC simulation single and dual slope using op amp

<h2><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Contents:</b></span></h2><ul><li>Introduction to Integrating ADC</li><li>Single slope ADC</li><li>Dual Slope ADC</li><li>Multisim Simulation</li></ul><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://go.ad2up.com/afu.php?id=1070744"><img border="0" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh15Nmcg-Fx4ZvcQJZsLixcYZSWmaGiludvc0oPQEfvP5eOH-lL6MSrYCLNtaoWotyAnCfRqVZ7Iz-T2EO7WhV-E1vu9VDWSMHM4Q_yzI-K-FAnAU_h5FWfz3Jx-TMLxf5evv-J8WuHEco/s640/mulisi.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><ul></ul><br /><h2><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Introduction to Integrating ADC:</b></span></h2><div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Integrating analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) provide high resolution analog-to-digital conversions, with good noise rejection. These ADCs are ideal for digitizing low bandwidth signals, and are used in applications such as digital multi-meters and panel meters. They often include LCD or LED drivers and can be used stand alone without a </span>micro controller<span style="font-family: inherit;"> host.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Integrating analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) provide high resolution and can provide good line frequency and noise rejection. Having started with the ubiquitous 7106, these converters have been around for quite some time. The integrating architecture provides a novel yet straightforward approach to converting a low bandwidth analog signal into its digital representation. These type of converters often include built-in drivers for LCD or LED displays and are found in many portable instrument applications, including digital panel meters and digital multi-meters.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 1.5pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; mso-outline-level: 4;"><h2><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Single-Slope ADC Architecture:</b></span></span></h2></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The simplest form of an integrating ADC uses a single-slope architecture. Here, an unknown input voltage is integrated and the value compared against a known reference value. The time it takes for the integrator to trip the comparator is proportional to the unknown voltage (T</span>_{<span style="background: white; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">INT</span>}<span style="background: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">/V</span>_{<span style="background: white; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">IN</span>}</span><span style="background: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">). In this case, the known reference voltage must be stable and accurate to guarantee the accuracy of the measurement.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6hQJJbLWjO67DEIsJQR_oAm4MYy13VMrMB10OOlCE_El0fvp9ct2WULTYVg0MvVa7_COsObNx9wUCtLO7Z__-vTdiM7sBaDGwIg48scbz0sdg235-hp22zX1MuHZC2OGmffnJk_HWdnI/s1600/wwwwww.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="356" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6hQJJbLWjO67DEIsJQR_oAm4MYy13VMrMB10OOlCE_El0fvp9ct2WULTYVg0MvVa7_COsObNx9wUCtLO7Z__-vTdiM7sBaDGwIg48scbz0sdg235-hp22zX1MuHZC2OGmffnJk_HWdnI/s400/wwwwww.gif" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">One drawback to this approach is that the accuracy is also dependent on the tolerances of the integrator's R and C values. Thus in a production environment, slight differences in each component's value change the conversion result and make measurement repeatability quite difficult to attain. To overcome this sensitivity to the component values, the dual-slope integrating architecture is used.<span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div><h2 style="background: white; margin-bottom: 1.5pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">Dual-Slope ADC Architecture:</span></span></h2><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background: white;">A dual-slope ADC (DS-ADC) integrates an unknown input voltage (V</span>_{<span style="background: white; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">IN</span>}<span style="background: white;">) for a fixed amount of time (T</span>_{<span style="background: white; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">INT</span>}<span style="background: white;">), then "de-integrates" (T</span>_{<span style="background: white; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">DEINT</span>}<span style="background: white;">) using a known reference voltage (V</span>_{<span style="background: white; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;">REF</span>}</span><span style="background: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">) for a variable amount of time.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifQPiMOks78mU3ew964NnFYFJ4GZuXUbKOhOqzIBKvoKP3pj6G9zV1Tzb-TcC9AGW2MnGjnlZ-evOhQnaBRLqu4z8chqsI3Vv-tP6u2dcARswppivOhmvx-j30zq4Htr5pzgkm4eQ7x1k/s1600/XCC.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifQPiMOks78mU3ew964NnFYFJ4GZuXUbKOhOqzIBKvoKP3pj6G9zV1Tzb-TcC9AGW2MnGjnlZ-evOhQnaBRLqu4z8chqsI3Vv-tP6u2dcARswppivOhmvx-j30zq4Htr5pzgkm4eQ7x1k/s400/XCC.gif" width="400" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">The key advantage of this architecture over the single-slope is that the final conversion result is insensitive to errors in the component values. That is, any error introduced by a component value during the integrate cycle will be cancelled out during the de-integrate phase. In equation form:</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /><br /><span style="background: white;">Vin × T</span></span>_{<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%;">INT</span>}<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">= V</span>_{<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%;">REF</span>}<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">× T</span>_{<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%;">DEINT</span>}<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /><br /><span style="background: white;">or</span><br /><br /><span style="background: white;">T</span></span>_{<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%;">DEINT</span>}<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">= T</span>_{<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%;">INT</span>}<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">× (V</span>_{<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%;">IN</span>}<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">/ V</span>_{<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%;">REF</span>}<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">)</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /><br /><span style="background: white;">From this equation, we see that the de-integrate time is proportional to the ratio of V</span></span>_{<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%;">IN</span>}<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">/ V</span>_{<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%;">REF</span>}<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div><h3><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Circuit specifications:</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal"></div><ol><li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">R=10k, C=0.1uF </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">and clock frequency=1kHz.</span></li><li>Apply a DC input in range of 0V-1V </li><li>Keep the clock frequency at 1kHz square-wave.</li></ol><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: white;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Now using these formula's calculate the values.<br />Here is the simulation Multisim file.Download it and modify according to your values or you can use same values.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Click on Download button after Entering your E-mail address and the download will start automatically.</span></div><div class="mailmunch-forms-widget-446313"></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div></div><script data-cfasync="false" src="//p201638.clksite.com/adServe/banners?tid=201638_372770_10&tagid=2" type="text/javascript"></script><br /><br />

Electrical, Electrical Concepts, Multisim

Integrating ADC simulation single and dual slope using op amp

Contents: Introduction to Integrating ADC Single slope ADC Dual Slope ADC Multisim Simulation Introduction to Integrating ADC: Integrating a...