What is Transformer and How it works

     What is the transformer?

contents:

1. What is transformer
2. Common uses and types of transformer
3. Working principle of transformer

what is Transformer?

A Transformer is an electrical device that exploits Faraday's Law of electromagnetic induction to transfer energy between two or more circuits.Transformer is a static that it has no moving parts electrical device used to convert electrical power at a constant frequency from one voltage level to another.It can only work on AC voltage. As the input is an AC voltage , the magnitude changes sinusoidal way. Commonly, transformers are used to increase or decrease the voltages of  alternating current in electric power applications. 

Without changing frequency transformer transform electrical energy from one circuit to another as according with the principle of electromagnetic induction.

Common uses and types of Transformer

There are two main types of transformer:

1. Step up
2. Step down

These types are used to step up or step down the ac voltages.

A step up transformer is used for transmission purpose while a step down for distribution.

According to construction there are two types:

1. Core type
2. shell type

There are two types of connection in transformers:

1. Star connection
2. Delta connection

Transformers are really important in the field of of power.it can be used as high or low voltage as needed.

Working principle of Transformer

When an electric current flows through a wire, it generates a magnetic field or magnetic flux all around it. The strength of this field is directly proportional to the value of the current. Thus a magnetic field produced in this way may be turned on and off, reversed, and varied in strength very simply. The magnetic field can be visualized as lines of magnetic flux that form closed paths.

 if we put a second coil of wire next to the first one, and send a fluctuating electric current into the first coil, we will create an electric current in the second wire. This is called electromagnetic induction because the alternating current in the first coil causes (or "induces") a current in the second coil.

The first coil, which takes electrical power from the source,  is called the primary winding, and the second coil, which gives the desired output voltage, is known as the secondary winding.

Step-down transformers

If the secondary voltage is smaller than the primary voltage this is the step down transformer. The current is transformed the opposite way—increased in size—in a step-down transformer.

Step-up transformers

In the step up transformer the voltage will increase .The boost up in the voltages from low to high is called a step up transformer.The more turns on the secondary coil then the primary.it has bigger secondary voltage but smaller secondary current.

In an ideal transformer, the induced voltage in the secondary winding (Vs) is in proportion to the primary voltage (Vp) and is given by the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary (Ns) to the number of turns in the primary (Np) as follows:

Conclusion

In this article we have just review some basic concepts of the transformer.In the coming posts we will discuss the detail construction and types of the transformer.