Guide of all arduino boards

                               

                                   All About Arduino Boards:

                          Arduino is the easiest controller for making projects. Now a days students prefer to use Arduino for making projects. The problem is that which board we should use. whats is the configurations of all arduino boards. How can we know that which board is the best for our project.
After getting-started-with-arduino-sketch.

So here is the detail of all arduino boards that are mostly used. So it will make your life a little easier to choose the board related to your project.

              

 History and founders of Arduino:   

                 Naw a days Arduino is open source electronic device and easy to use hardware and software. Arduino is used mostly in projects in university, colleges, schools the reason is that it is very easy to use. its programming is very simple.

Arduino, sold as Genuino, due to a trademark dispute, outside the U.S. and U.K., is a hardware and software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures computer open-source hardware, open-source software, and microcontroller-based kits for building digital devices and interactive objects history.

Colombian student Hernando Barragán created the development platform Wiring as his Master's thesis project in 2004 at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (IDII) in Ivrea, Italy. Massimo Banzi and Casey Reas (known for his work on Processing) were supervisors for his thesis.

For programming the microcontrollers, the Arduino project provides an integrated development environment (IDE) based on the Processing project, which includes support for the C and C++ programming languages.

Board Designing Hardware and Software:                

                       Arduino is a computer hardware and software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures Microcontroler  kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the physical world.

 The project's products are distributed as open-source hardware and software, which are licensed under the GNU Lesser General public License  (LGPL) or the GNU General public License (GPL), permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone. Arduino boards are available commercially in preassembled form, or as do it your self kits.

The project's board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. These systems provide sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards ("shields") and other circuits. The boards feature serial communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models, for loading programs from personal computers.

 The microcontrollers are mainly programmed using a dialect of features from the programming languages C and C++. In addition to using traditional compiler toolchains, the Arduino project provides an integrated development environment (IDE) based on the processing language project.

The Arduino project started in 2005 as a program for students at the Interaction Design Institute Ivera  in Ivrea, Italy, aiming to provide a low-cost and easy way for novices and professionals to create devices that interact with their environment using sensors and actuators. Common examples of such devices intended for beginner hobbyists include simple robot, thermostats, and motion detectors.

                            BOARDS OF ARDUINO

                     

Arduino Uno (types of arduino boards):

 

                            Arduino uno have processor of AtTmega3828 and it is operating at 5 volt DC we can give input voltage for starting by using the prob which is given with arduino attach the wire with your computer and arduino board and then start program or if your arduino is attached with robots or somewhere far from your computer so you can also powered ON Arduino by using battery but remember battery is in between 7 to 12 volts if you are exceeding from 12 volt your arduino board burn out.

Arduino uno has CPU speed 16Mhz. In all arduino boards you have pins some pins are analog and some are digital and pwm in arduino uno you have 6 analog input pins and 14 digital input/output pins and 6 pwm pins. Students mostly used Uno in their projects Because it has enough pins if you are using carefully or if you want more pins then you can see a verity of Arduinos in my artical Below where you got more pins to make easy your projects.

                    

ATmega2560 (types of arduino boards):

                    Arduino mega have processor of AtTmega2560 and it is operating at 5 volt DC we can give input voltage for starting by using the prob which is given with arduino attach the wire with your computer and arduino board and then start program or if your arduino is attached with robots or somewhere far from your computer so you can also powered ON Arduino by using battery but remember battery is in between 7 to 12 volts if you are exceeding from 12 volt your arduino board burn out.

Arduino mega has CPU speed 16Mhz. In all arduino boards you have pins some pins are analog and some are digital and pwm in arduino mega you have 16 analog input pins and 54 digital input/output pins and 15 pwm pins.

The ATmega2560 on the Mega 2560 comes preprogrammed with a bootloader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It communicates using the original STK500 protocol The Mega 2560 has a resettable polyfuse that protects your computer's USB ports from shorts and overcurrent. Although most computers provide their own internal protection, the fuse provides an extra layer of protection. If more than 500 mA is applied to the USB port, the fuse will automatically break the connection until the short or overload is removed.

The Mega 2560 can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power supply. The power source is selected automatically.

The power pins are as follows:

1. Vin. The input voltage to the board when it's using an external power source (as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You can supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through this pin.
2. 5V. This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The board can be supplied with power either from the DC power jack (7 - 12V), the USB connector (5V), or the VIN pin of the board (7-12V). Supplying voltage via the 5V or 3.3V pins bypasses the regulator, and can damage your board. We don't advise it.
3. 3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is 50 mA.
4. GND. Ground pins.
5. IOREF. This pin on the board provides the voltage reference with which the microcontroller operates. A properly configured shield can read the IOREF pin voltage and select the appropriate power source or enable voltage translators on the outputs for working with the 5V or 3.3V.

                          The Mega 2560 has 16 analog inputs, each of which provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). By default they measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and analog reference function.
                             

                         Here Rx, Tx led mini usb port 3 volt and 5 volt switch Reset button for reset in any condition where arduino makes any problem you can reset it. Dc to Dc chip for current and also the processing chip Mega 2560.

 

AT91SAM3X8E (types of arduino boards):

                                  The Arduino Due is the first Arduino board based on a 32-bit ARM core processor, the Atmel AT91SAM3X8E ARM Cortex-M3 MCU running at 84 MHz. It improves upon all the standard Arduino functionalities and adds new features.

The AT91 is pre-programmed with the Arduino bootloader that allows you to upload code to it via USB.Arduino AT91SAM3X8E have processor of AT91SAM3X8E and it is operating at 3.3 volt DC we can give input voltage for starting by using the prob which is given with arduino attach the wire with your computer and arduino board and then start program or if your arduino is attached with robots or somewhere far from your computer so you can also powered ON Arduino by using battery but remember battery is in between 7 to 12 volts if you are exceeding from 12 volt your arduino board burn out.

Arduino uno has CPU speed 84Mhz. In all arduino boards you have pins some pins are analog and some are digital and pwm in arduino uno you have 12 analog input pins and 2 analog output pins and 54 digital input/output pins and 12 pwm pins.The Due has two USB connectors.

The micro-USB Type AB connector nearest the reset button is the native USB port capable of acting as USB Host, so you can connect a USB peripheral like a mouse, keyboard or smartphone. It also allows for serial (CDC) communication over USB, providing a serial connection to the Serial Monitor or other applications on your computer. The micro-USB Type B connector next to the power jack is intended for programming/debugging purposes.

                           WARNING: Unlike previous Arduino boards, this is a 3.3V system. Providing 5V to an input pin will damage the board. Make sure any shields you use do not return 5V (many do).

This board features:
• 54 digital I/O interfaces (12 of which can be used as PWM output)
• 12 analogue inputs
• 4 UARTs
• 84 MHz clock
• USB OTG
• 2 D/A converters
• SPI header
• Power supply
• JTAG header
• Reset/erase button

Technical data:
• SAM3X8E ARM Cortex-M3
• Operating voltage: 3.3 V
• Digital inputs/outputs: 54
• Analogue inputs: 12

 

 ARDUINO NANO (types of arduino boards):

              

                          The Arduino Nano is a small, complete, and breadboard-friendly board based on the ATmega328. It has more or less the same functionality of the Arduino Duemilanove, but in a different package. It lacks only a DC power jack, and works with a Mini-B USB cable instead of a standard one. The Nano was designed and is being produced by Gravitech.

Arduino nano have processor of AtTmega168/328 and it is operating at 5 volt DC we can give input voltage for starting by using the prob which is given with arduino attach the wire with your computer and arduino board and then start program or if your arduino is attached with robots or somewhere far from your computer so you can also powered ON Arduino by using battery but remember battery is in between 7 to 12 volts if you are exceeding from 12 volt your arduino board burn out.

Arduino mega has CPU speed 16Mhz. In all arduino boards you have pins some pins are analog and some are digital and pwm in arduino mega you have 8 analog input pins and 14 digital input/output pins and 6 pwm pins.

• Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the FTDI USB-to-TTL Serial chip.
• External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value.
• PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function.
• SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI communication, which, although provided by the underlying hardware, is not currently included in the Arduino language.
• LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off. 

SKETCH or Programming:

                      Arduino has very simple programming that why it is called a sketch not a program. for detail about programming sketch click getting-started-with-arduino

An easy-to-use instruction is as important as the product itself. We are expecting this new system will improve your experience when using Arduino products. However since this is the Starting, there are still many things need to improve.

 if you have any suggestions or findings, you are most welcome to submit the amended version as our contributor or give us suggestions in the survey below, Please don’t forget to leave your email address so that we can reply.